Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides
Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides
- Biotechnology advances, 33(6), p.717-735, 2015 .
Medicinal plants are essential for improving human health, and around 75 percent of the population in developing countries relies mainly on herb-based medicines for health care. As the king of herb plants, ginseng has been used for nearly 5000 years in the oriental and recently in western medicines. Among the compounds studied in ginseng plants, ginsenosides have been shown to have multiple medical effects such as anti-oxidative, anti-aging, anti-cancer, adaptogenic and other health-improving activities. Ginsenosides belong to a group of triterpene saponins (also called ginseng saponins)that are found almost exclusively in Panax species and accumulated especially in the plant roots. In this review, we update the conserved and diversified pathway/enzyme biosynthesizing ginsenosides which have been presented. Particularly, we highlight recent milestone works on functional characterization of key genes dedicated to the production of ginsenosides, and their application in engineering plants and yeast cells for large-scale production of ginsenosides.
PANAX
GINSENG
GINSENOSIDE
ACCUMULTATION
BIOSYNTHESIS
PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE
TRANSGENIC PLANTS
RECOMBINANT YEAST CELLS
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
Medicinal plants are essential for improving human health, and around 75 percent of the population in developing countries relies mainly on herb-based medicines for health care. As the king of herb plants, ginseng has been used for nearly 5000 years in the oriental and recently in western medicines. Among the compounds studied in ginseng plants, ginsenosides have been shown to have multiple medical effects such as anti-oxidative, anti-aging, anti-cancer, adaptogenic and other health-improving activities. Ginsenosides belong to a group of triterpene saponins (also called ginseng saponins)that are found almost exclusively in Panax species and accumulated especially in the plant roots. In this review, we update the conserved and diversified pathway/enzyme biosynthesizing ginsenosides which have been presented. Particularly, we highlight recent milestone works on functional characterization of key genes dedicated to the production of ginsenosides, and their application in engineering plants and yeast cells for large-scale production of ginsenosides.
PANAX
GINSENG
GINSENOSIDE
ACCUMULTATION
BIOSYNTHESIS
PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE
TRANSGENIC PLANTS
RECOMBINANT YEAST CELLS
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION