Ammonia: An Emerging Gasotransmitter in Plant Growth and Response to Environmental Stress
Ammonia: An Emerging Gasotransmitter in Plant Growth and Response to Environmental Stress
- Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 43(11), p.3958-3970, 2024 .
Artículo
Ammonia (NH3), which is an intermediate of nitrogen metabolism, has been found to be a gasotransmitter in plants. It has a dual physiological efect in a concentration-dependent manner, namely as a signaling molecule at low concentrations and a cytotoxin at high concentrations. In plants, NH3, as a gasotransmitter, can maintain homeostasis by multiple pathways, which are involving in biosynthesis, assimilation, and transport. Gasotransmitter NH3 can regulate plant growth, development, and response to multiple environmental stresses by crosstalk with other signaling molecules. However, a few reviews have summarized NH3 homeostasis and its signaling role in plant growth and stress response. Hence, in this review, based on the progress in NH3, whose toxicity, metabolism, and membrane transport were summarized. Also, the signaling role of NH3 in cell division, seed germination, and root system architecture was discussed. Furthermore, NH3-induced stress resistance, including drought, heat, salt, iron defciency, elevated CO2, and pathogen infection tolerance, was summed up. This review is to further understanding the gasotransmitter role of NH3, and lays the foundation for designing and developing climateresilient crops for food safety and sustainable agriculture.
AMMONIA
GASOTRANSMITTER
ROOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
SEED GERMINATION
STRESS TOLERANCE
Artículo
Ammonia (NH3), which is an intermediate of nitrogen metabolism, has been found to be a gasotransmitter in plants. It has a dual physiological efect in a concentration-dependent manner, namely as a signaling molecule at low concentrations and a cytotoxin at high concentrations. In plants, NH3, as a gasotransmitter, can maintain homeostasis by multiple pathways, which are involving in biosynthesis, assimilation, and transport. Gasotransmitter NH3 can regulate plant growth, development, and response to multiple environmental stresses by crosstalk with other signaling molecules. However, a few reviews have summarized NH3 homeostasis and its signaling role in plant growth and stress response. Hence, in this review, based on the progress in NH3, whose toxicity, metabolism, and membrane transport were summarized. Also, the signaling role of NH3 in cell division, seed germination, and root system architecture was discussed. Furthermore, NH3-induced stress resistance, including drought, heat, salt, iron defciency, elevated CO2, and pathogen infection tolerance, was summed up. This review is to further understanding the gasotransmitter role of NH3, and lays the foundation for designing and developing climateresilient crops for food safety and sustainable agriculture.
AMMONIA
GASOTRANSMITTER
ROOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
SEED GERMINATION
STRESS TOLERANCE