Cultivation of Stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)Bertoni]: A Comprehensive Review

tevia rebaudiana (Bert.)Bertoni is one of the 154 members of the genus Stevia. It is a sweet herb of Paraguay. The leaves of the shrub contain specific glycosides, which produce a sweet taste but have no caloric value. For centuries, this herbal sweetener has been used by native Guarani Indians to counteract the bitter taste of various plant-based medicines and beverages. Many countries have shown interest in its cultivation, and research activities have been initiated. Incorporation of this species in agricultural production systems, however, depends upon a thorough knowledge of the plant and its agronomic potential. The published literature on research and development of this crop is meager. The aim of this chapter is to describe the ecology, importance of the plant, and its production requirements, but major emphasis is given to the agronomic and management aspects of the plant to be grown as a crop. Further, this chapter represents an effort to compile the literature on S. rebaudiana and review the current status of understanding of the plant and its potential as an alternate source of cane sugar.