Trapezifolixanthone as a common constituent in the genus Calophyllum: An insight Review

Trapezifolixanthone is the most common naturally occurring prenylpyranoxanthone discovered from the Calophyllum spp. Prenylpyranoxanthones have been reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. Advancement in phytochemistry field has led to the discovery of novel and more complex secondary metabolites in recent years. The present work focuses on reviewing the well-known prenylpyranoxanthone, trapezifolixanthone that are found in various Calophyllum spp. A brief review of the phytochemical studies conducted on this genus suggests the role of trapezifolixanthone as a chemotaxonomic marker that aid in the botanical identification of respective Calophyllum species. In addition, trapezifolixanthone exhibits various potent pharmacological activities to preclinical studies. As such, this review intends to highlight the importance of trapezifolixanthone in the area of chemistry, botany, and pharmacology taking account on its phytochemical aspects and future usages in the field of botanical drug development.