Annato, the pigment of Bixa orellana. 

 -  East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal., 32(2), p.126-132, 1966 .
<br/><br/> Bixa orellana a large, quick-growing shrub, native to tropical America, and is cultivated there, in the Caribbean, in India, and, recently, in East Africa. The plants thrives from sea level to about 4,000 ft. in a moist climate, and prefers a deep, loamy, welldrained soil. Propagation takes place readily from seed, and the bushes may be spaced five to 15 ft. apart. Large cluster of brown or dark crimson, capsular, fruits are borne at the end of the branches; these contain a number of small seeds, the bright crimson covering of which affords the annatto of commerce. The fruits are collected when nearly ripe and are put to dry, they burst open and the seeds can be threshed from the sells.