TY  - BOOK
AU  - Makarova,K.S.
AU  - Haft,D.H.
AU  - Barrangou,R.
AU  - Brouns,S.J.J.
AU  - Charpentier,E.
AU  - Horvath,P.
AU  - Moineau,S.
AU  - Moineau,S.
AU  - Wolf,Y.I.
AU  - Yakunin,A.F.
AU  - Van Der Oost,J.
AU  - Koonin,E.V.
TI  - Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems
KW  - CELLULAR APOPTOSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY PROTEIN
KW  - CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS CRISPR ASSOCIATED PROTEIN
KW  - UNCLASSIFIED DRUG
N2  - The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins)modules are adaptive immunity systems that are present in many archaea and bacteria. These defence systems are encoded by operons that have an extraordinarily diverse architecture and a high rate of evolution for both the cas genes and the unique spacer content. Here, we provide an updated analysis of the evolutionary relationships between CRISPR-Cas systems and Cas proteins. Three major types of CRISPR-Cas system are delineated, with a further division into several subtypes and a few chimeric variants. Given the complexity of the genomic architectures and the extremely dynamic evolution of the CRISPR-Cas systems, a unified classification of these systems should be based on multiple criteria. Accordingly, we propose a 'polythetic' classification that integrates the phylogenies of the most common cas genes, the sequence and organization of the CRISPR repeats and the architecture of the CRISPR-cas loci. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
UR  - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QoGtdaC5srpNJhE8zJi4PJ1SvwGDM7Sl/view?usp=drivesdk
ER  -