TY  - BOOK
AU  - De Lima Isaac,R.
AU  - Dos Santos,L.U.
AU  - Tosetto,M.S.
AU  - Franco,R.M.B.
AU  - Guimarães,J.R.
TI  - Urban water reuse: microbial pathogens control by direct filtration and ultraviolet disinfection
KW  - ARTICLE
KW  - CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
KW  - DISINFECTION
KW  - ESCHERICHIA COLI
KW  - FILTRATION
KW  - FLOCCULATION
KW  - GIARDIA
KW  - HELMINTH
KW  - LIMIT OF QUANTITATION
KW  - NONHUMAN
KW  - PATHOGENESIS
KW  - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
KW  - SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER
KW  - TURBIDITY
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION
KW  - WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
KW  - WASTE WATER RECYCLING
KW  - WATER QUALITY
KW  - ANIMAL
KW  - BACTERIUM
KW  - BRAZIL
KW  - EQUIPMENT
KW  - GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING
KW  - ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - OOCYST
KW  - OOCYTE
KW  - PILOT STUDY
KW  - RADIATION EXPOSURE
KW  - STANDARD
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
KW  - WATER MANAGEMENT
N2  - Physicochemical treatment efficiency for unrestricted urban water reuse was evaluated at a conventional activated-sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Pilot plant set-up consisted of an alum coagulation step, granular media upflow flocculation and direct downflow dual-media filtration followed by ultraviolet disinfection (dose of 95 mJ cm-2). Optimum aluminum sulfate dosage of 10 mg L-1 and coagulation pH 7.0 were preset based on bench scale tests. Under WWTP stable operation, water quality met United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)suggested guidelines for unrestricted urban reuse regarding turbidity (mean value 1.3 NTU)and suspended solids (mean value 2.1 mg L-1). When WWTP overall plant performance dropped from 90 to 80 percent (although BOD value stayed below 6 mg O2 L-1, suggesting unrestricted reuse), solids breakthrough in filtrate was observed. Microorganism removal rates were: total coliforms 60.0 percent, Escherichia coli 63.0 percent, Giardia spp. 81.0 percent, and helminth eggs 62.5 percent; thus organisms still remained in filtrate. Ultraviolet (UV)disinfection efficiency was 4.1- and 3.8-log for total coliforms and E. coli, respectively. Considering low UV efficiency obtained for helminths and the survival of protozoa and helminths in the environment, effluent quality presents risk to public health if destined for unrestricted urban reuse
UR  - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hRakK2Jx6tBgrLeQX4V6OIuJzY4_86zP/view?usp=drivesdk
ER  -