TY  - BOOK
AU  - Hille,F.
AU  - Richter,H.
AU  - Wong,S.P.
AU  - Bratovic,M.
AU  - Ressel,S.
AU  - Charpentier,E.
TI  - The Biology of CRISPR-Cas: Backward and Forward
KW  - CRISPR ASSOCIATED PROTEIN
KW  - DNA
KW  - NUCLEIC ACID
KW  - RNA
N2  - In bacteria and archaea, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated (Cas)proteins constitute an adaptive immune system against phages and other foreign genetic elements. Here, we review the biology of the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems and the major progress achieved in recent years in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the three stages of CRISPR-Cas immunity: adaptation, crRNA biogenesis, and interference. The ecology and regulation of CRISPR-Cas in the context of phage infection, the roles of these systems beyond immunity, and the open questions that propel the field forward are also discussed. CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with diverse mechanisms of adaptive immunity, illuminating the evolutionary pressures imposed by selfish genetic elements
UR  - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DJd2qHDOtUMwaBAbWc7VwI8Wq6S-ulDe/view?usp=drivesdk
ER  -