Emergent synapse organizers: LAR-RPTPs and their companions. 

 -  In International Review of cell and Molecular Biology. Academic Press., 324, p.39-65, 2016 .
<br/><br/> Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs)have emerged as key players that organize various aspects of neuronal development, including axon guidance, neurite extension, and synapse formation and function. Recent research has highlighted the roles of LAR-RPTPs at neuronal synapses in mediating distinct synaptic adhesion pathways through interactions with a host of extracellular ligands and in governing a variety of intracellular signaling cascades through binding to various scaffolds and signaling proteins. In this chapter, we review and update current research progress on the extracellular ligands of LAR-RPTPs, regulation of their extracellular interactions by alternative splicing and heparan sulfates, and their intracellular signaling machineries. In particular, we review structural insights on complexes of LAR-RPTPs with their various ligands. These studies lend support to general molecular mechanisms underlying LAR-RPTP-mediated synaptic adhesion and signaling pathways. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>LAR<br/>PTP<br/>PTP<br/>SYNAPTIC ADHESIÓN<br/>RECEPTOR PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE<br/>LIGANDS<br/>SYNAPSE DEVELOPMENT<br/>ALTERNATIVE SPLICING<br/>HEPARAN SULFATE