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245	1	0	_aTaxonomic diversity gradients through geological time
490	0		_vDiversity and Distributions, 7(4), p.175-189, 2001
520	3		_aThere is evidence from the fossil record to suggest that latitudinal gradients in axonomic diversity may be time-invariant features, although almost certainly not on the same scale as that seen at the present day. It is now apparent that both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients increased dramatically in strength through the Cenozoic era (i.e. the last 65 my)to become more pronounced today than at any time in the eological past. Present-day taxonomic diversity gradients, in both the marine and terrestrial realms, are underpinned by the tropical radiations of a comparatively small number of species-rich clades. Quite why these particular taxa proliferated through the Cenozoic is uncertain, but it could be that at least part of the explanation involves the henomenon of evolutionary escalation. This is, in essence, a theory of biological diversification through evolutionary feedback mechanisms between predators and prey; first one develops an adaptive advantage, and then the other. However, there may also have been some form of extrinsic control on the process of tropical diversification, and this was most likely centred on the phenomenon of global climate change. This is especially so over the last 15 my Various Late Cenozoic (Neogene)vicariant events effectively partitioned the tropics into a series of high diversity centres, or foci. It has been suggested that, in the largest of these in the marine realm (the Indo-West Pacific or IWP centre), a critical patterns of islands acted as a template for rapid speciation during glacioeustatic sea level cycles. The same process occurred in the Atlantic, Caribbean and East Pacific (ACEP)centre, though on a lesser scale. Tropical terrestrial diversity may also have been promoted by rapid range expansions and contractions in concert with glacial cycles (a modified refugium hypothesis). We are beginning to appreciate that an integrated sequence of Neogene tectonic and climatic events greatly influenced the formation of contemporary taxonomic diversity patterns.
650	1	4	_aCONTROLS ON DIVERSIFICATION
650	1	4	_aFOSSIL RECORD
650	1	4	_aLATITUDINAL AND LONGITUDINAL DIVERSITY GRADIENTS
650	1	4	_aNEOGENE TECTONIC AND CLIMATIC EVENTS.
700	1	2	_aCrame, J.A.
856	4	0	_uhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1eDVdnbuQA3D-CNivBbDtMvO31kvDjM5e/view?usp=drivesdk _zPara ver el documento ingresa a Google con tu cuenta: @cicy.edu.mx
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