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245 1 0 _aPolyester synthases: natural catalysts for plastics
490 0 _vBioChemical Journal, 376(1), p.15-33, 2003
520 3 _aPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)are biopolyesters composed of hydroxy fatty acids, which represent a complex class of storage polyesters. They are synthesized by a wide range of different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as by some Archaea, and are deposited as insoluble cytoplasmic inclusions. Polyester synthases are the key enzymes of polyester biosynthesis and catalyse the conversion of (R)-hydroxyacyl-CoA thioesters to polyesters with the concomitant release of CoA. These soluble enzymes turn into amphipathic enzymes upon covalent catalysis of polyester-chain formation. A self-assembly process is initiated resulting in the formation of insoluble cytoplasmic inclusions with a phospholipid monolayer and covalently attached polyester synthases at the surface. Surface-attached polyester synthases show a marked increase in enzyme activity. These polyester synthases have only recently been biochemically characterized. An overview of these recent ?ndings is provided. At present, 59 polyester synthase structural genes from 45 different bacteria have been cloned and the nucleotide sequences have been obtained. The multiple alignment of the primary structures of these polyester synthases show an overall identity of 8-96 per cent with only eight strictly conserved amino acid residues. Polyester synthases can been assigned to four classes based on their substrate specificity and subunit composition. The current knowledge on the organization of the polyester synthase genes, and other genes encoding proteins related to PHA metabolism, is compiled. In addition, the primary structures of the 59 PHA synthases are aligned and analysed with respect to highly conserved amino acids, and biochemical features of polyester synthases are described. The proposed catalytic mechanism based on similarities to a/ß-hydrolases and mutational analysis is discussed. Different threading algorithms suggest that polyester synthases belong to the a/ß-hydrolase superfamily, with a conserved cysteine residue as catalytic nucleophile. This review provides a survey of the known biochemical features of these unique enzymes and their proposed catalytic mechanism.
650 1 4 _aBIOPOLYESTER
650 1 4 _aBIOPOLYMER
650 1 4 _aCATALYTIC MECHANISM
650 1 4 _aPOLYESTER SYNTHASE
650 1 4 _aPOLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA)
650 1 4 _aPHA SYNTHASE.
700 1 2 _aRehm, B.H.A.
856 4 0 _uhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1PzZ6r14NJIjCGEpFfbA2D6jdidNFP8L8/view?usp=drivesdk
_zPara ver el documento ingresa a Google con tu cuenta: @cicy.edu.mx
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